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Scalar inference

Weblar inference is dependent on the conversational context. At one extreme lies the defaultist view, which holds that scalar inferences are automatically triggered upon encoun-tering scalar expressions. From the standpoint of computa-tional efficiency, this could explain the seeming speed and automaticity with which scalar interpretations arise ... WebOct 18, 2024 · The pragmatic enrichment from some to “some but not all” is a representative example of so-called scalar inference (SI), and although there is controversy about the status of SIs, many believe that it involves a pragmatic enrichment of literal meaning. 1 To the extent that SI is pragmatic, researchers, following on from Grice (1967, 1989 ...

Harnessing the linguistic signal to predict scalar inferences

Weblinguistic features and inference strength, sug-gesting that the model learns to use linguistic features to predict pragmatic inferences. 1 Introduction An important property of human communication is that listeners can infer information beyond the literal meaning of an utterance. One well-studied type of inference is scalar inference (Grice,1975; WebDec 17, 2024 · Several studies have found that the computation of this scalar inference may be associated with a processing cost (e.g., Bott & Noveck, 2004; De Neys & Schaeken, 2007), which seems to argue in... cf church https://mrcdieselperformance.com

Type Inference Tour of Scala Scala Documentation

WebFeb 18, 2024 · This is known as a scalar implicature and it often arises when a speaker produces a weak linguistic expression instead of a stronger one. Several L2 studies claim that pragmatic inferences are generated by default and their comprehension presents no challenges to L2 learners. WebDec 17, 2024 · Scalar inferences occur when a weaker statement like It’s warm is used when a stronger one like It’s hot could have been used instead, resulting in the inference that … WebApr 7, 2024 · Scalar inferences (SI) are a signature example of how humans interpret language based on unspoken alternatives. While empirical studies have demonstrated that human SI rates are highly variable -- both within instances of a single scale, and across different scales -- there have been few proposals that quantitatively explain both cross- … bwr50915-02

Scalar Implicature and Local Pragmatics - University of Chicago

Category:Adjectival polarity and the processing of scalar inferences

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Scalar inference

(PDF) Scalar Inferences in the Acquisition of Even

WebDec 23, 2024 · Scalar inferences are ubiquitous in human reasoning. Correspondingly, language has many means of expressing and encoding them. One of these means is the … WebJan 1, 2016 · Reference and Cognitive Status: Scalar Inference and Typology. In book: Information Structure and Spoken Language in a Cross-LInguistic Perspective (pp.33-53) Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter. Editors ...

Scalar inference

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WebAug 26, 2024 · That is to say, the realization of a scalar inference makes a given word less expected and less congruent with the context, and therefore harder to access; it is the difficulty of access, not the scalar implicature itself, that leads to a greater N400. Fortunately, those studies were not designed to directly observe scalar implicature ... Webexplanation of scalar implicature; relevance theorists believe that the key concept in accounting for pragmatic inference, including scalar inference, is "optimal relevance". 2. Informativeness and relevance: a brief survey 2.1. In the beginning The idea that utterances should meet some standard of informativeness could be seen as the starting

Webinference generates creates a double negation, which is eliminated giving possibly. Accounting for these sorts of examples, and more complicated scalar cases, has been, … WebOct 18, 2024 · We introduce a new measure for investigating the time course of scalar inference. This new measure allows us to reason about the time course question based on the difference in verification...

WebDec 23, 2024 · PDF Scalar inferences are ubiquitous in human reasoning. Correspondingly, language has many means of expressing and encoding them. One of these means... … WebScalar inference is the phenomenon whereby the use of a less informative term (e.g., some of) is inferred to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g., to mean not all of).Default processing accounts assume that the interpretation of some of as meaning not all of is realized easily and automatically (regardless of context), whereas context-driven …

WebAug 1, 2009 · Accounts of the scalar inference from ‘some X-ed’ to ‘not all X-ed’ are central to the debate between contemporary theories of conversational pragmatics. An important …

WebJan 11, 2016 · Scalar inferences represent the condition when a speaker uses a weaker expression such as some in a pragmatic scale like , and s/he has the intention … bwr500WebJan 11, 2016 · Scalar inferences represent the condition when a speaker uses a weaker expression such as some in a pragmatic scale like , and s/he has the intention to reject the stronger use of the other word like all in the utterance. Considerable disagreement has arisen concerning how interlocutors derive the inferences. cfc in ctWebThe next section shows how confidence intervals and p p -values for scalar parameters can be calculated from multiply imputed data. 2.4.2 Scalar inference Single parameter inference applies if k = 1 k = 1, or if k >1 k > 1 and the test is repeated for each of the k k components. bwr5Scalar implicatures typically arise where the speaker qualifies or scales their statement with language that conveys to the listener an inference or implicature that indicates that the speaker had reasons not to use a stronger, more informative, term. For example, where a speaker uses the term "some" in the statement, "Some students can afford a new car.", the use of "some" gives rise to an inference or implicature that "Not all students can afford a new car." cfc in atmosphereWebAbstract. Rates of scalar inference, whereby the utterance of a weaker term (e.g., some) leads hearers to infer the negation of a stronger term (all), have been found to vary substantially across lexical scales. For instance, the some but not all scalar inference arises much more robustly than good but not excellent. bwr50930-02WebA look at the calculation and processing of scalar inference, but crucially also manipulate context, which is most compatible with a constraint-based account of implicature, where … bwr5574 gmail.comWeb2.1 Previous Work in Computational Modeling of Scalar Inference Previous work in predicting scalar inference has relied on Bayesian game-theoretic models of pragmatic reasoning (i.e. using Bayesian inference to recover speakers’ intended meaning). Popular models include the rational speech act (RSA) model of language understanding, which … cfc industrial engineering